Learning Center
Location and proof of location
Devices find their position from satellite signals, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Learn how GPS and GNSS work, how spoofing and jamming are detected, and how location witnesses, commitments and geohashes are used to check a location claim.
Basics
How does GPS work?Satellites broadcast position and time; a receiver turns signal travel time into a fix.→What is GNSS?The family name for GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou and the regional systems.→How do phones find their location without GPS?Wi-Fi, cell towers, beacons, Wi-Fi RTT and sensors, fused into one estimate.→What is indoor positioning?Finding a device inside a building with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and UWB instead of satellites.→What is a geohash?A short string for a rectangle on the map, more precise with every character.→What is RSSI, and can it measure distance?Received signal strength as phones report it, and why it is a rough distance guide.→What is Bluetooth direction finding?How Bluetooth LE devices work out which way a signal came from, using antenna arrays.→What is geofencing?Virtual boundaries around real places, and how phones detect crossing them.→
Verifying location
How is GPS spoofing detected?Signal checks, sensor cross-checks, authenticated signals and mock-location flags.→What is GPS jamming?Radio noise that drowns satellite signals so receivers lose their fix.→What is proof of location?Evidence about where a device was, from someone other than the device itself.→What is a location witness?A second party that observes a location claim and signs what it saw.→What is a location commitment?Fixing a location claim now, so it cannot be changed later, without revealing it.→What is a testnet?Public test blockchains whose free coins are meant to have no real value.→